METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH

The structural and functional complexity of groundwater resources requires the combined use of a wide range of tools, each associated with sub-disciplines of hydrogeology. In addition to the so-called traditional tools (e.g. geology, tectonics, hydrodynamics), the fields of remote sensing (satellite and drone), hydrogeophysics and hydrochemistry (+ water isotopies) are constantly evolving, with ongoing developments in sensor/measuring instrument technologies, data processing (acquisition and inversion) and machine learning.

> Characterization: The adaptation, efficiency and optimization of innovative tools recently developed or under development, for the characterization of groundwater hydrosystems at different spatial scales (from plot to basin) and temporal scales (from event to hydrological cycle). 

> Monitoring: The development of innovative tools (acquisition and inversion) and methodological approaches to optimize monitoring at different spatial scales (from plot to basin) and temporal scales (from event to hydrological cycle) of key properties of underground hydrosystems to characterize their evolution in relation to surface waters (marine and terrestrial) and associated ecosystems. 

> Modeling: The use of monitoring results and associated analyses to design or refine conceptual schemes and then develop integrated numerical models of recharge and hydrodynamic functioning of underground hydrosystems in a non-stationary context induced by global change. 

> Decision support tools and sustainable management strategies: The integration of the previous three actions, which can be coupled with a detailed economic analysis, will enable us to assess the impact of current and future exploitation of groundwater resources, as well as to simulate and evaluate different management strategies with a real-time data flow. This will enable managers to make informed decisions with regard to anthropogenic and natural pressures, by adapting their strategies to ensure sustainable management of water resources.